
Africa’s automotive industry stands at a crossroads, balancing untapped potential against systemic challenges. The African Association of Automobile Manufacturers (AAAM) has intensified calls for governments to accelerate the adoption of unified automotive regulations, a move seen as critical to unlocking regional economic growth and integration.
With 41 of the continent’s 54 nations lacking standardised fuel quality controls or vehicle manufacturing frameworks, industry leaders argue that fragmented policies are stifling investment and hindering cross-border collaboration.
Speaking at a recent industry briefing in Kigali, AAAM CEO Victoria Backhaus-Jerling underscored the urgency of aligning national regulations with global benchmarks. “Harmonising standards for vehicles, components, and fuel is not merely beneficial—it is foundational,” she stated. “Without cohesive policies, Africa risks missing opportunities to transform raw materials into higher-value products and build resilient regional supply chains.”
Her remarks highlight a pressing dilemma: while not every country needs vehicle assembly lines, coordinated standards could enable nations to leverage comparative advantages, fostering specialisation and shared industrial growth.

Policy Gaps and Economic Costs
The absence of regulatory alignment has tangible consequences. Volkswagen Group Africa’s Managing Director, Martina Biene, pointed to Nigeria as an example, where inconsistent fuel quality standards disrupted the company’s operations and delayed market re-entry. Such barriers, she noted, undermine Africa’s ability to attract manufacturing investments, despite its burgeoning consumer markets and raw material reserves.
The automotive sector’s economic significance is well-documented. In South Africa, it contributes 4.3% to GDP and supports over 450,000 jobs, trailing only mining in economic impact. Yet, across much of the continent, disjointed policies mean similar benefits remain unrealised. Backhaus-Jerling emphasised that political continuity is key: “Sustainable industrial growth requires commitment beyond electoral cycles. Policy formulation cannot halt with changes in leadership.”
Regional Integration and the AfCFTA Imperative
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), operational since 2021, offers a pathway to address these challenges. By reducing intra-African tariffs and streamlining customs procedures, the agreement aims to create a unified market of 1.3 billion people. For automakers, this could catalyse economies of scale, making local production more viable. However, progress hinges on complementary national policies.
“Regional integration must be prioritised,” urged Backhaus-Jerling. “Policies that facilitate cross-border trade and value-chain collaboration are essential to position Africa within global automotive networks.” The AAAM advocates for frameworks that incentivise domestic manufacturing, reduce reliance on imported vehicles, and attract foreign direct investment (FDI). Countries like Morocco and Egypt, which have implemented targeted automotive strategies, serve as models, drawing major manufacturers through tax incentives and infrastructure development.

Trade Turbulence and the US Tariff Threat
While continental integration advances, external pressures loom. South Africa’s export-driven automotive sector faces uncertainty due to proposed US tariffs. Former President Donald Trump’s 2024 announcement of 25% levies on automotive imports, coupled with an additional 31% duty targeting South Africa, threatens to disrupt a trade relationship underpinned by the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). Since 2001, AGOA has granted duty-free access to the US market for eligible African nations, with South African automotive exports — including brands such as BMW , Ford and Toyota — accounting for 64% of AGOA-related shipments.
Though only 6,5% of South Africa’s automotive exports currently go to the US, industry representatives caution against underestimating the tariffs’ ripple effects.
Complicating negotiations is South Africa’s recent foreign policy stance, including its International Court of Justice case accusing Israel of genocide in Gaza — a move criticised by US lawmakers. With trade discussions likely to intersect with geopolitical tensions, industry stakeholders emphasise the importance of safeguarding jobs without compromising national sovereignty.
Market Shifts: The Rise of Asian Manufacturers

Amid policy debates, Africa’s automotive landscape is undergoing a quiet transformation. Asian manufacturers, particularly from China, are gaining ground in markets traditionally dominated by European and American brands. In South Africa, Chinese automakers such as GWM (Haval) and Chery have doubled their market share since 2020, challenging incumbents through competitive pricing and local assembly investments.
China’s influence extends beyond finished vehicles. In 2021, 64% of South Africa’s imported aftermarket parts originated from China, reflecting deepening supply-chain integration. Companies such as BAIC and Yanfeng Plastic Omnium have committed billions to local production facilities, while established players including Toyota are partnering with Asian suppliers to reduce costs. This shift is reshaping manufacturing strategies, with Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) increasingly sourcing components from Asian partners to maintain competitiveness.
Government’s Role in Navigating Transition
Industry leaders argue that targeted government support is vital to harness these trends. South Africa’s Automotive Investment Scheme (AIS), which co-funds manufacturing upgrades, and initiatives by the National Association of Automotive Component and Allied Manufacturers (NAACAM) to bolster local suppliers, exemplify measures that could be replicated continent-wide.
Transitioning to electric vehicles (EVs) presents another opportunity. With global OEMs pivoting to electrification, African nations could leverage mineral resources like cobalt and lithium to develop EV value chains. However, this requires proactive policy-making, including investment in charging infrastructure and incentives for local battery production.
A Roadmap for the Future

The AAAM’s push for regulatory harmonisation coincides with a pivotal moment for African industry. As global trade dynamics shift and regional integration gains momentum, coordinated policies could unlock manufacturing potential, stimulate job creation, and reduce dependency on imports. For policymakers, the challenge lies in balancing immediate economic pressures with long-term strategic vision.
For automotive stakeholders, the message is clear: Africa’s success hinges on collaboration. By aligning standards, fostering specialisation, and prioritising regional value chains, the continent could transition from a patchwork of isolated markets into a cohesive automotive hub—one capable of competing on the global stage. The road ahead is complex, but with concerted effort, the rewards could be transformative.
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