Boosting South Africa's Auto Industry Through Local Beneficiation

For decades, South Africa’s automotive industry has been a cornerstone of the local manufacturing sector, a testament to our industrial capability. From the bustling assembly lines in Kariega and Rosslyn to the state-of-the-art plant in East London, we build world-class vehicles. Yet, beneath the hum of this R500-billion-a-year industry lies a profound paradox: we are a mineral-rich nation exporting the very raw ingredients that could see us not just assemble but truly create the cars of the future.

The global automotive industry is undergoing its most significant transformation in a century, pivoting towards electric vehicles (EVs), lightweighting for efficiency and smart, connected technologies. This shift is not just about engines and software; it is a fundamental change in the materials that go into a car. For South Africa, this presents a generational opportunity to move up the value chain. The key lies in local beneficiation—the process of transforming mined ore into a higher-value product.

Here are the five most critical raw materials that, if beneficiated locally, would provide an unparalleled boost to the South African auto industry, creating jobs, fostering innovation, and securing our place in the global value chain.

1. Platinum Group Metals (PGMs): The Crown Jewels of Catalysis and Hydrogen

Image: Implats

The Raw Material: South Africa sits on roughly 80% of the world’s known platinum group metal reserves. These include platinum, palladium and rhodium.

Current State: We are the world’s leading miner of PGMs, but the vast majority is exported as refined metal or concentrate. We capture the mining risk and volatility but miss out on the immense value of specialised industrial and chemical applications.

The Beneficiation Opportunity: The narrative around PGMs is evolving. While their use in catalytic converters for internal combustion engines remains crucial, their role in the hydrogen economy is transformative.

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs): FCEVs use hydrogen to generate electricity, with water as the only emission. The heart of a FCEV is its fuel cell, which requires significant amounts of platinum as a catalyst. Local beneficiation could see us move from exporting platinum bars to manufacturing catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs) or even entire fuel cell stacks.

·           Green Hydrogen Production: The other side of the hydrogen coin is production. Platinum is also a critical catalyst in proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysers, which produce green hydrogen using renewable energy.

The Impact: By establishing local facilities to manufacture fuel cell components and electrolysers, South Africa would not only supply the global auto industry but also catalyse its own domestic hydrogen economy. This creates a symbiotic ecosystem: local platinum enables cheaper green hydrogen, which powers local FCEVs and heavy transport, creating a circular and globally competitive advantage.

2. Aluminium: The Backbone of Lightweighting

Image: South32

The Raw Material: South Africa has a well-established aluminium industry, centred around smelters like Hillside in Richards Bay, which rely on imported alumina. However, we have vast reserves of bauxite and kaolin, the primary aluminium ores, which are largely unexploited for metal production.

The Beneficiation Opportunity: Every kilogram saved in a vehicle's weight translates directly into better fuel efficiency or longer battery range in an EV. Aluminium is the second most used material in vehicles after steel.

Primary and Secondary Smelting: Investing in energy security to make primary smelting more viable, and aggressively expanding the recycling of automotive scrap aluminium, would create a stable, low-cost local supply.

Advanced Alloy Production: Cars do not use generic aluminium; they require specific, high-performance alloys for body panels, chassis components, and battery enclosures. Local beneficiation means establishing plants that can produce these specialised automotive-grade aluminium sheets and extrusions.

The Impact: A reliable, cost-effective source of high-quality automotive aluminium would be a powerful magnet for Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). It would lower the cost of production for local assemblers and make South Africa an attractive hub for manufacturing lightweight vehicle components for export, particularly for the EV market.

3. Manganese: Hardening the Steel of Our Ambition

Image: Implats

The Raw Material: South Africa holds over 70% of the world’s manganese resources, a metal indispensable to modern steelmaking.

Current State: We are the world’s largest producer and exporter of manganese ore, but we export most of it with minimal beneficiation. The real value is in adding it to steel.

The Beneficiation Opportunity: Manganese is a key alloying element that adds strength and wear-resistance to steel. Over 50% of a modern car's weight is still high-strength steel.

Ferromanganese Production: The first critical step is to expand our existing capacity to produce ferromanganese (a key intermediate product). The real prize, however, lies beyond.

Automotive Steel Production: The goal is to channel our local manganese into the production of advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) and ultra-high-strength steel (UHSS) at local mills like ArcelorMittal South Africa. These specialised steels are essential for making passenger safety cages and components that are both lighter and stronger.

The Impact: Creating a fully integrated pipeline from our manganese mines to local AHSS production would decouple our auto industry from volatile global steel prices and supply chain disruptions. It would provide a unique, raw material-based competitive edge for both our vehicle manufacturers and our component suppliers.

4. Iron Ore: The Foundational Metal, Reforged

Image: Arcelor Mittal

The Raw Material: We are a major global producer of high-quality iron ore from the Sishen mine and others in the Northern Cape.

At present, although ArcelorMittal uses some of this ore domestically, a sizeable portion is shipped overseas. The local steel industry has faced well-documented challenges, from energy costs to global competition.

The Beneficiation Opportunity: The opportunity with iron ore is not just about making more steel but making smarter steel specifically for the automotive sector. This goes together with manganese beneficiation.

Direct Reduced Iron (DRI): As the world moves towards greener steelmaking, DRI technology using green hydrogen (itself enabled by local PGMs) presents a path to produce "green steel" with a significantly lower carbon footprint.

Specialised Automotive Castings: Beyond sheet steel, local foundries can use high-purity iron to produce sophisticated engine blocks, brake components and other critical castings, moving beyond basic parts to high-value, precision items.

The Impact: A revitalised, competitive, and increasingly green local steel industry is non-negotiable for a resilient auto sector. It provides the foundational material security without which the industry cannot confidently plan for long-term growth and export-led expansion.

5. Vanadium: Powering the Electric Revolution

Plugged in chargers into two electric cars at charge station

The Raw Material: South Africa is one of the world's top three vanadium producers, with massive reserves housed in the Bushveld Igneous Complex.

Current State: Almost all our vanadium moves overseas as ferrovanadium or vanadium pentoxide, primarily for strengthening steel abroad.

The Beneficiation Opportunity: Vanadium’s star is rising because of one technology: Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFBs).

Stationary Energy Storage: The stability of South Africa’s auto manufacturing is hamstrung by an unreliable grid. VRFBs are ideal for large-scale, industrial energy storage. They can provide backup power for entire manufacturing plants, mitigating the impact of load-shedding.

EV Battery Ecosystem: While not used in the vehicle's battery itself, VRFBs are crucial for charging infrastructure. They can store solar energy during the day to power fast-charging stations at night, solving a key hurdle for widescale EV adoption.

The Impact: Local beneficiation of vanadium into electrolyte and full battery systems would directly support the auto industry by decarbonising and securing its energy supply. It creates a new, high-growth industry in energy storage that dovetails perfectly with the needs of modern, energy-intensive automotive manufacturing and the EV ecosystem.

The Road Ahead: An Integrated Strategy

Toyota's Prospecton plant

These five materials are not isolated opportunities; they are interconnected. Local PGMs can enable the green hydrogen needed for green iron and steel production. That manganese-rich, green steel, in turn, is used to build the factories and chassis for vehicles whose manufacturing is secured by vanadium batteries and whose powertrains may be powered by platinum-based fuel cells.

Realising this vision requires more than just market forces. It demands a coherent and aggressive industrial strategy—a partnership between government, mining houses, and the automotive industry. This includes:

· Policy Certainty: Creating a stable regulatory environment that incentivises local value-addition over raw exports.

· Investment in Energy: Solving the electricity crisis is the absolute prerequisite. The beneficiation of aluminium, iron and vanadium is intensely energy dependent.

· Research & Development: Establishing centres of excellence focused on mineral beneficiation and its application in the automotive and energy sectors.

The raw materials are beneath our soil. The industrial base is in our factories. The choice is ours: to continue digging and shipping, or to start building, innovating, and powering the next generation of global mobility. The road to a richer, more industrialised South Africa is, quite literally, paved with the minerals we already own.

This article is based on research from the Minerals Council South Africa, the Department of Trade, Industry and Competition (the dtic), Automotive Production and Development Programme (APDP) reviews and reports from the International Energy Agency on critical minerals.

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Archion: Uniting Hino and Mitsubishi Fuso for Sustainable Mobility

Hino Motors and Mitsubishi Fuso, two prominent Japanese truck and bus manufacturers, are moving forward with a significant integration. The new holding company, Archion, will serve as the umbrella for both brands, headquartered in Tokyo.

Operations under the Archion name are set to begin on April 1, 2026. Both Hino and Fuso will retain their distinct brand identities while combining their strengths to support the broader goal of delivering next-generation commercial mobility solutions.

The integration is designed to focus on customer needs and advance sustainable transportation. Key advantages identified include implementing an integrated platform strategy—this is expected to enhance product offerings, expand the portfolio, achieve economies of scale, and improve investment efficiency.

In addition, consolidating production is on the agenda, with plans to focus manufacturing at three main sites in Japan by the end of 2028. Leadership at Archion is emphasizing transparency, compliance, and financial performance.

CEO Karl Deppen has stated the company’s vision centers on providing superior products and solutions for customers and stakeholders, while building trust through effective governance. CFO Hetal Laligi highlighted a clear financial strategy: unlocking the full potential of the integration by realizing synergies and growth opportunities, all while continuing to improve each company’s individual performance.

The aim is to reach benchmark levels of financial resilience and sustainable value creation. Satoshi Ogiso, Archion’s designated CTO, reinforced the commitment to customer-centricity and ongoing product innovation. He also pointed to accelerated development in CASE technologies—Connected, Autonomous, Shared, and Electric mobility—as a central part of Archion’s future direction.

In South Africa, Hino will continue to operate independently, with a focus on maintaining its leadership in customer satisfaction and market presence. Overall, Archion’s formation marks a strategic move. The company is positioning itself as a leader in commercial vehicle mobility, leveraging the combined expertise of Hino and Fuso to drive innovation and sustainable growth in the industry.

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South Africa's Automotive Industry: Challenges and Opportunities Ahead

GQEBERHA – The South African automotive industry, a cornerstone of the nation’s manufacturing landscape, gathered this week to celebrate a significant milestone while charting a deliberate course through a period of global transition.

At the fourth South African Auto Week, naamsa: The Automotive Business Council commemorated its 90th anniversary, reflecting on a legacy of partnership and looking ahead to the challenges and opportunities presented by the global shift to new energy vehicles.

The acting Premier, Mlungisi Mvoko, also serving as the event’s ambassador, opened the proceedings by acknowledging the vital role of media collaboration and the growth of the gathering itself. The event served as a platform to recognise naamsa’s nine-decade journey, which began in this very city before its offices moved to Pretoria in 1983.

The association was lauded for its consistent work in shaping policy, driving innovation, and integrating the domestic industry into international value chains. Today, representing 56 brands, naamsa continues to operate on the principles of free enterprise and collective advancement for its members.

The annual industry report presented a picture of a sector demonstrating resilience amid headwinds. For the first time since the pandemic-related disruptions of 2020, the sector experienced a modest contraction in 2024. The total export value of vehicles and automotive components saw a decrease of R 2-billion, settling at R 268,8-billion, down from the previous year’s record of R 270,8-billion.

Despite this dip, automotive exports still constituted a substantial 40,7% of South Africa’s total merchandise exports for the year. In terms of volume, vehicle exports declined to 390 844 units from 399 809 units in 2023.

A notable bright spot emerged in the components sector, where export value increased from R 203,9 billion in 2023 to a record R 25,4-billion in 2024, a shift attributed to a changing mix of vehicles being exported. The industry also successfully expanded its global footprint, now sending products to 155 countries, up from 148 in 2023, with export value more than doubling to 39 of those nations.

The automotive sector’s role as a primary driver of South Africa’s manufacturing output remains undisputed. In 2024, vehicle and component manufacturing contributed 2,6% to the domestic manufacturing output, with the broader automotive industry contributing 5,2% to the national GDP. Investments from original equipment manufacturers and their suppliers amounted to R 10,25-billion.

A long-term perspective underscores the sector’s enduring impact. From 1995 to 2024, over 6,4-million vehicles, with a cumulative export value of R 1,95-trillion, have been shipped from South African shores. International trade agreements, particularly with the European Union and the United Kingdom, continue to be fundamental, accounting for 75,7% of exports in 2024, meaning three out of every four exported vehicles were destined for these regions.

The current year presents a complex operating environment. Geopolitical challenges, including new US import tariffs, have led to the loss of an estimated 25 000 vehicle orders from that market. Despite this, vehicle exports for the first half of 2025 were 3% ahead of the same period in 2024, even as overall production decreased by 2,2%. Domestically, new vehicle sales showed a strong increase of 14% for the first six months, a trend partly driven by a 69% influx of competitively priced imported vehicles.

A subsequent presentation struck a more cautious note, revealing that South Africa’s share of global vehicle production decreased from 0,67% in 2023 to 0,65% in 2024. This places the government’s 2035 target of achieving a 1% global market share under pressure. A central concern raised was the urgent need to transition towards electric vehicle production, as key export markets like the EU and UK move to ban new internal combustion engine vehicle sales by 2035. While some local manufacturers produce hybrid vehicles, none currently assemble battery electric vehicles domestically.

“The transition to new energy vehicles must be tailormade for a South African context and cannot be a carbon copy of what other countries and regions have done,” Neale Hill, CEO of Ford South Africa stated. He suggested that dramatic overhaul is not needed, but rather selective, targeted policies to support specific parts of the value chain where South Africa can be competitive.

The presentation concluded by highlighting a significant potential advantage. Africa, and South Africa in particular, holds vast mineral resources critical for the EV revolution, including 85% of the world’s manganese and 80% of its platinum. A clear call was made for immediate and structured collaboration between government and industry to develop a concrete framework, positioning the country to become a key player in the global EV value chain and secure the future of the automotive industry and its workforce.

“We are very concerned that our industry is falling behind Africa’s progressive automotive and industrial policy measures,” Hill warned. He concluded that the decisions taken now will fundamentally shape the future of vehicle manufacturing in South Africa, impacting its economic value, employment, and skills base. “We must act now before it is too late,” he said.

Adding to the forward-looking dialogue, Mike Whitfield, CEO of Stellantis South Africa, reflecting on the sector’s foundations, emphasised that its strength is rooted in historical cooperation between government, industry, and labour. He pointed to a major strategic development: the confirmation that Stellantis is proceeding with an investment in South Africa, affirming the country’s role as a strategic manufacturing base within the company’s global network.

This sentiment was echoed in a significant international achievement for the industry. naamsa announced that its CEO, Mikel Mabasa, has been nominated to serve as a permanent member of the International Organization of Automobile Manufacturers (OICA). Described as a “United Nations Security Council for the automotive industry globally,” this position will enable South Africa to help shape the global automotive trajectory and ensure the African continent is not left behind in critical conversations about the future of mobility.

As the week’s discussions concluded, the message from Gqeberha was clear. The South African automotive industry, built on nine decades of collaboration and adaptation, stands at a pivotal moment. The path forward requires agility, policy certainty, and a united effort to harness its inherent strengths—from its deep manufacturing expertise to its mineral wealth—to navigate the electric future and secure its position as a global automotive player.

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