ALGIERS – A concerted drive by African nations to build a integrated continental automotive industry is facing a formidable obstacle: the pervasive influx of illegally imported used vehicles and a critical lack of affordable financing for new cars.
This challenge was a central theme at the recent African automotive forum, part of the Intra African Trade Show, where policymakers and industry leaders outlined an ambitious vision to transform the continent from a primary importer of vehicles into a global manufacturing and export hub under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).
Chery Tiggo 2 Pro on display at the Africa Automotive Show in AlgiersA key pillar of this strategy, according to Gainmore Zanamwe, Director of Trade Facilitation for the African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank), involves “freezing out second-hand vehicles imports” and “incentivising local production” to ensure Africa becomes a “manufacturing hub for mobility” rather than a “dumping ground for vehicles.”
However, this ambition clashes with the current market reality. Data indicates while new vehicle sales across the continent sit at approximately 1,2-million units annually, the number of used vehicle imports, both legal and illegal, far exceeds this figure. In South Africa alone, it is estimated over half a million illegally imported used cars are on the roads, representing a significant drain on national revenue.
“This illegal trade is not just a statistic. It is a direct attack on our economy,” says Martina Biene, President of the African Association of Automobile Manufacturers (AAAM) and CEO of Volkswagen Group Africa: “It drains our fiscus between five and eight billion Rand every year in lost taxes. It undermines our local manufacturers and holds back our industrial development.”
Stellantis stand showing Fiat Panda parts that are made locallyThe demand for used vehicles is primarily driven by affordability. High interest rates across many African nations, often reaching double digits, place formal new vehicle financing out of reach for a large portion of the population. Financial institutions also cite challenges with vehicle tracking and valuation as barriers to offering more accessible credit.
“The issue is that high interest rates in most countries are in the two digit levels, and it makes it very difficult for consumers to have access to affordable financing,” added Zanamwe. “This creates a cycle where low demand prevents the economies of scale needed for local factories to produce affordable new vehicles.”
The situation is exacerbated by the practices of some international exporters. Research indicates used vehicles from markets like Japan and Singapore are often sold at very low prices or even written off and shipped abroad, making it impossible for locally manufactured units to compete on price alone.
In response, industry players are exploring innovative solutions. Volkswagen’s mobility solutions program in Rwanda was highlighted as a case study. By offering ride-hailing, car-sharing and subscription services, the model provides access to mobility without the need for a large upfront purchase, effectively addressing the affordability issue through a different business model.
Ultimately, African leaders argue a cohesive policy environment is crucial. This includes finalising the AfCFTA’s rules of origin for automotive products, harmonising standards and developing policies that support localisation while simultaneously creating mechanisms for affordable vehicle asset financing. The success of the continent’s automotive industrialisation depends on its ability to navigate the complex interplay between ambition, consumer reality, and economic policy.
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