Leaders from across Africa gathered in Washington recently for the eighth Babacar Ndiaye Lecture, focusing on Africa’s challenge of balancing short-term development with long-term climate goals. The event, titled ‘Saving Lives Today versus Saving the Planet for the Future: Can the AfCFTA Resolve the Climate Change Dilemma?’ centred on the potential of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) to drive sustainable growth while advancing the continent’s climate commitments.
Keynote speakers, including HE Professor Benedict Oramah, President of the Afreximbank Group, reflected on the vision of Dr. Babacar Ndiaye, a prominent voice in African development, highlighting his concerns about climate change’s impact on Africa’s future.
Oramah stated, “Climate change is the greatest threat to development, particularly in Africa, where millions of people depend on the environment for their livelihoods.” He stressed that a push for Africa to decarbonise without considering its current needs could stifle growth in a region where 600 million people lack access to electricity.
Image: George Desipris/PexelsThe AfCFTA, the largest free trade area by participating countries, could be instrumental in cutting carbon emissions through localising production and reducing the need to ship raw materials long distances. By creating value-added products within Africa, proponents argue that the AfCFTA could position Africa as a leader in the green economy and lay the groundwork for an economically and environmentally sustainable future.
In his address titled ‘Sustainable Infrastructure for Africa’s Future: Harnessing Innovation and Partnerships’, Professor Yemi Osinbajo, Nigeria’s former Vice President, emphasised AfCFTA’s potential to create jobs, reduce emissions and spark innovation in green industries.
He noted laws in 42% of African countries now require the local processing of raw materials, allowing nations to retain more economic benefits while mitigating emissions from extensive shipping. Osinbajo cited studies showing that fully implementing AfCFTA could increase intra-African trade by 35% by 2045 while raising greenhouse gas emissions by less than 1%.
Highlighting the example of Guinea, Osinbajo pointed out that if the country processed its bauxite domestically using renewable energy, it could save an estimated 335-million tonnes of carbon dioxide per year—a notable contribution to global emissions reductions. A similar approach, he suggested, could apply across African resource industries, potentially saving billions and creating hundreds of thousands of jobs.
Dr Rania A. Al-Mashat, Egypt’s Minister for Planning and Economic Development, pointed to the financial challenges Africa faces in achieving sustainable development goals, underscoring the continent’s minimal contributions to global emissions yet disproportionately high costs in adapting to climate change.
“Africa bears the burden of financing climate resilience for essential development needs,” she said, calling for international collaboration to help Africa progress sustainably.
UN Deputy Secretary-General Amina J. Mohammed echoed this sentiment, stressing the urgent need for access to concessional financing for green investments.
“Renewables can grow economies, create jobs, and fuel development—especially for the 600-million Africans without electricity,” Mohammed said. She also highlighted the importance of inclusive policies that support women and youth in building climate-resilient economies.
The lecture concluded with a renewed commitment from Afreximbank to fund sustainable infrastructure across the continent, positioning the AfCFTA as a central component in Africa’s pathway to a low-carbon, prosperous future.
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